Your first screenshot is a different to me:
https://ajax.wurzach-it.de/data/public/545c61
A other question: can i use env variables direct in WPP?
https://ajax.wurzach-it.de/data/public/545c61
You may have forgot to add the 'SapLogon.ini' file to the additional file when you create the updateFile is added. i controlled it on the share.
Computers may not be allowed to execute Powershell Script. See Set-ExecutionPolicyActivated via GPO.
The Powershell script may not be able to translate the environement variable that you are using "$env:windir".Manully the script work on the vm.
If you don't have check the option "Can request user input", the update is deploy with the 'System' Account, so environnement variable have no meaning. Try to check this option.See: https://ajax.wurzach-it.de/data/public/1c48a2
A other question: can i use env variables direct in WPP?