I went through the instructions for installing Adobe Reader. I'm getting a code 800B0109. I pulled the Windows Update log and here is what I'm seeing.
2013-09-09 13:28:57:397 860 11b8 AU Currently showing Progress UX client - so not launching any other client
2013-09-09 13:28:57:397 860 11b8 AU Successfully wrote event for AU health state:0
2013-09-09 13:28:57:397 860 11b8 AU # Pending download calls = 1
2013-09-09 13:28:57:397 860 11b8 AU <<## SUBMITTED ## AU: Download updates
2013-09-09 13:28:57:397 860 11b8 AU Getting featured update notifications. fIncludeDismissed = true
2013-09-09 13:28:57:397 860 11b8 AU No featured updates available.
2013-09-09 13:29:02:045 860 e6c DnldMgr BITS job {877F7D13-D098-4F69-8F52-AF1B24EF9163} completed successfully
2013-09-09 13:29:02:233 860 e6c Misc Validating signature for C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\Download\8e096547df601e727a709d83d0007c4f\575aa75ff425bd90598b449f887b582697a327de:
2013-09-09 13:29:02:389 860 e6c Misc Microsoft signed: No
2013-09-09 13:29:02:389 860 e6c Misc WARNING: Digital Signatures on file C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\Download\8e096547df601e727a709d83d0007c4f\575aa75ff425bd90598b449f887b582697a327de are not trusted: Error 0x800b0109
2013-09-09 13:29:02:389 860 e6c DnldMgr WARNING: File failed postprocessing, error = 800b0109
2013-09-09 13:29:02:389 860 e6c DnldMgr Failed file: URL = 'http://server/Content/DE/575AA75FF425BD90598B449F887B582697A327DE.cab', Local path = 'C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\Download\8e096547df601e727a709d83d0007c4f\575aa75ff425bd90598b449f887b582697a327de'
2013-09-09 13:29:02:389 860 e6c DnldMgr Error 0x800b0109 occurred while downloading update; notifying dependent calls.
2013-09-09 13:29:02:404 860 1164 AU >>## RESUMED ## AU: Download update [UpdateId = {FF665A4A-84C3-4208-8753-5DBA090C60C0}]
2013-09-09 13:29:02:404 860 1164 AU # WARNING: Download failed, error = 0x800B0109
2013-09-09 13:29:02:404 860 1164 AU #########
2013-09-09 13:29:02:404 860 1164 AU ## END ## AU: Download updates
2013-09-09 13:29:02:404 860 1164 AU #############
2013-09-09 13:29:02:404 860 1164 AU Successfully wrote event for AU health state:0
2013-09-09 13:29:02:404 860 1164 AU Currently showing Progress UX client - so not launching any other client
2013-09-09 13:29:02:404 860 dc8 Report REPORT EVENT: {4E4F4885-DC52-4163-8D05-7C9DC107C363} 2013-09-09 13:29:02:404-0400 1 161 101 {FF665A4A-84C3-4208-8753-5DBA090C60C0} 1 800b0109 AutomaticUpdatesWuApp Failure Content Download Error: Download failed.
2013-09-09 13:29:02:404 860 1164 AU Successfully wrote event for AU health state:0
2013-09-09 13:29:02:420 860 dc8 Report CWERReporter::HandleEvents - WER report upload completed with status 0x8
2013-09-09 13:29:02:420 860 dc8 Report WER Report sent: 7.6.7600.256 0x800b0109 FF665A4A-84C3-4208-8753-5DBA090C60C0 Download 101 Managed
2013-09-09 13:29:02:420 860 dc8 Report CWERReporter finishing event handling. (00000000)
2013-09-09 13:29:02:467 860 ddc AU Getting featured update notifications. fIncludeDismissed = true
2013-09-09 13:29:02:467 860 ddc AU No featured updates available.
2013-09-09 13:28:57:397 860 11b8 AU Currently showing Progress UX client - so not launching any other client
2013-09-09 13:28:57:397 860 11b8 AU Successfully wrote event for AU health state:0
2013-09-09 13:28:57:397 860 11b8 AU # Pending download calls = 1
2013-09-09 13:28:57:397 860 11b8 AU <<## SUBMITTED ## AU: Download updates
2013-09-09 13:28:57:397 860 11b8 AU Getting featured update notifications. fIncludeDismissed = true
2013-09-09 13:28:57:397 860 11b8 AU No featured updates available.
2013-09-09 13:29:02:045 860 e6c DnldMgr BITS job {877F7D13-D098-4F69-8F52-AF1B24EF9163} completed successfully
2013-09-09 13:29:02:233 860 e6c Misc Validating signature for C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\Download\8e096547df601e727a709d83d0007c4f\575aa75ff425bd90598b449f887b582697a327de:
2013-09-09 13:29:02:389 860 e6c Misc Microsoft signed: No
2013-09-09 13:29:02:389 860 e6c Misc WARNING: Digital Signatures on file C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\Download\8e096547df601e727a709d83d0007c4f\575aa75ff425bd90598b449f887b582697a327de are not trusted: Error 0x800b0109
2013-09-09 13:29:02:389 860 e6c DnldMgr WARNING: File failed postprocessing, error = 800b0109
2013-09-09 13:29:02:389 860 e6c DnldMgr Failed file: URL = 'http://server/Content/DE/575AA75FF425BD90598B449F887B582697A327DE.cab', Local path = 'C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\Download\8e096547df601e727a709d83d0007c4f\575aa75ff425bd90598b449f887b582697a327de'
2013-09-09 13:29:02:389 860 e6c DnldMgr Error 0x800b0109 occurred while downloading update; notifying dependent calls.
2013-09-09 13:29:02:404 860 1164 AU >>## RESUMED ## AU: Download update [UpdateId = {FF665A4A-84C3-4208-8753-5DBA090C60C0}]
2013-09-09 13:29:02:404 860 1164 AU # WARNING: Download failed, error = 0x800B0109
2013-09-09 13:29:02:404 860 1164 AU #########
2013-09-09 13:29:02:404 860 1164 AU ## END ## AU: Download updates
2013-09-09 13:29:02:404 860 1164 AU #############
2013-09-09 13:29:02:404 860 1164 AU Successfully wrote event for AU health state:0
2013-09-09 13:29:02:404 860 1164 AU Currently showing Progress UX client - so not launching any other client
2013-09-09 13:29:02:404 860 dc8 Report REPORT EVENT: {4E4F4885-DC52-4163-8D05-7C9DC107C363} 2013-09-09 13:29:02:404-0400 1 161 101 {FF665A4A-84C3-4208-8753-5DBA090C60C0} 1 800b0109 AutomaticUpdatesWuApp Failure Content Download Error: Download failed.
2013-09-09 13:29:02:404 860 1164 AU Successfully wrote event for AU health state:0
2013-09-09 13:29:02:420 860 dc8 Report CWERReporter::HandleEvents - WER report upload completed with status 0x8
2013-09-09 13:29:02:420 860 dc8 Report WER Report sent: 7.6.7600.256 0x800b0109 FF665A4A-84C3-4208-8753-5DBA090C60C0 Download 101 Managed
2013-09-09 13:29:02:420 860 dc8 Report CWERReporter finishing event handling. (00000000)
2013-09-09 13:29:02:467 860 ddc AU Getting featured update notifications. fIncludeDismissed = true
2013-09-09 13:29:02:467 860 ddc AU No featured updates available.